In the past mobile phones were used only to make calls but with the introduction of smartphones, the mobile phone has evolved into a low-powered handheld processing system. This evolution was caused by the operating system for mobile phones making them smart that have processing and storage of their own. …

There are many definitions of technological innovation: “technological innovation is a process which includes the technical, design, manufacturing, management and commercial activities involved in the marketing of a new (or improved) product or the first use of a new (or improved) manufacturing process or equipment”   A national system of innovation, “is that …

Militaries around the world are increasingly facing a formidable strategic threat environment in terms of complexity, lethality, range, sophistication, and number of threats. These range from Fifth-generation stealth fighters, unmanned air vehicles, and more maneuverable and precision-guided ballistic, cruise, and Hypersonic missiles that are becoming widely proliferated to become more …

Urban Warfare Operations are complicated by a three-dimensional environment, limited fields of view  because of buildings, enhanced concealment and cover for defenders, and the ease of placement of booby traps and snipers.  Unknown individuals hidden from view can slow emergency efforts and can increase the inherent dangers of tactical operations. …

A laser is a device that emits a beam of coherent light through an optical amplification process. Laser propulsion is any method of propelling a spacecraft that uses the energy of laser beams.   There are two main types of laser propulsion, depending on whether the laser is onboard or …

The definition, management, and control of interfaces are crucial to successful programs or projects. Interface management is a process to assist in controlling product development when efforts are divided among parties (e.g., Government, contractors, geographically diverse technical teams, etc.) and/or to define and maintain compliance among the products that should …

Mechanical engineering is an engineering branch that combines engineering physics and mathematics principles with materials science, to design, analyze, manufacture, and maintain mechanical systems It is one of the oldest and broadest of the engineering branches.   “Mechanical Engineering takes in all built structures and moving parts flown in space, …

There is growing utilization of miniaturized satellites for military and defense applications.  Defense organizations have been launching communication nanosatellites and microsatellites to provide communication signals to soldiers stationed in remote locations or in dense forests. The military needs more data bandwidth and reliable communications infrastructure for its UAVs, which can …