Liquid metals, a class of materials that exhibit fluid-like behavior while maintaining metallic properties such as high electrical and thermal conductivity, are revolutionizing various fields of science and technology. Unlike traditional metals, which are rigid in their solid state, liquid metals like gallium and its alloys (e.g., gallium-indium-tin or EGaIn) …

The increasing deployment of airplanes for passenger and cargo transport has intensified the need for high-performance, efficient materials in aircraft manufacturing. Modern aerospace materials have evolved from wooden frames to advanced solutions such as carbon-fiber composites, self-healing materials, and fiber-reinforced polymers. Weight reduction remains a key focus, as it directly …