Energy sector has become one of the attractive targets for cyber attackers. Hackers already target the energy sector more than any other part of U.S. critical infrastructure, according to the most recent government report. There are more reported cyber incidents in the energy industry than in healthcare, finance, transportation, water …

Introduction Fly-by-wire (FBW) technology has revolutionized modern aviation by replacing traditional mechanical and hydraulic control systems with digital flight control computers (DFCCs). Unlike conventional systems, which rely on direct mechanical linkages or hydraulic actuators between the pilot’s controls and the aircraft’s control surfaces, FBW systems use electronic signals to relay …