Gamma-ray bursts—cosmic explosions so powerful they outshine entire galaxies—are unlocking secrets of black holes, neutron stars, and the early universe. Introduction Gamma rays occupy the highest frequency and shortest wavelength region of the electromagnetic spectrum, with frequencies typically above 10^{19} Hz and wavelengths shorter than 0.01 nanometers. They are the most …

Nonlinear Optical Materials: Bending the Future of TechnologyFrom powering high-speed internet to enabling quantum breakthroughs, NLOs are transforming light into tomorrow’s most powerful tool. As the world rapidly transitions to photonics-driven technologies, nonlinear optical (NLO) materials have emerged as a critical enabler across industries—ranging from telecommunications and defense to quantum …