Photonics is a breakthrough technology as it uses photons (smallest unit of light) as the data carrier instead of electrons (smallest unit of electricity) used in electronic ICs. As light travels at very high speeds, photonics is widely used to transfer huge amounts of data at a very high speed.Thus …

Information and communication technology present new challenges to international affairs.The scale and speed of technological advancements in cyberspace are unprecedented. As the fourth industrial revolution dawns, bringing with it the reality of big data, artificial intelligence, and quantum technology, the world is entering a new level of more sophisticated hypoconnectivity, …

5G will enable a new set of services, not only for human users but also for industrial and automotive purposes. Key factors for acceptance and use are ultra-high reliability and real-time interaction capability. For those future applications, it is key to measure and rate the interactivity of a network and …