Introduction In the world of photonics, where light-based technologies are rapidly advancing, Photonic Integrated Circuits (PICs) have emerged as a cornerstone of numerous applications. These compact and efficient devices integrate various optical components onto a single chip, enabling functionalities such as optical communication, sensing, and signal processing. However, to harness …

As the world grapples with the urgent need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change, finding clean and sustainable energy sources has become paramount. In this quest, green hydrogen has emerged as a promising alternative. Produced through renewable energy sources and water electrolysis, green hydrogen offers a pathway …