In recent years, thermal countermeasures have become essential to military and defense strategies worldwide. These sophisticated technologies, designed to mask or alter the heat signatures of military assets, are critical in protecting personnel and equipment from detection by infrared (IR) sensors and targeting systems. As military operations grow increasingly reliant …

Thermal countermeasures are essential defense technologies designed to protect military vehicles and aircraft from heat-seeking missiles and infrared-guided weaponry. Since the advent of heat-seeking missiles in the mid-20th century, military forces worldwide have focused on developing effective countermeasures to confuse, deflect, or obscure their heat signatures from enemy tracking systems. …