The quest for sustainable transportation solutions has driven significant advancements in both automotive and aviation technologies. With a growing emphasis on reducing emissions and maximizing energy efficiency, the hybrid electric propulsion systems (HEPSs) for vehicles and aircraft have emerged as pivotal innovations. As the dream of flying cars transitions from …

On April 19, 2021, a small, rotor-powered aircraft made history. Attached to the belly of NASA’s Perseverance rover, the Ingenuity helicopter took to the skies above Mars, becoming the first machine to achieve powered, controlled flight on another planet. This groundbreaking feat opened up new possibilities for exploration and scientific …