Mathematical optimization is a branch of applied mathematics that in the broadest senselooks for best solution with regard to some criterion from some set of available alternatives. The advent of the digital computer and a tremendous subsequent increase in our computational prowess has increased the impact of optimization in our …

In quantum mechanics, spin is an intrinsic form of angular momentum carried by elementary particles. Spintronics is “A branch of physics concerned with the storage and transfer of information by means of electron spins in addition to electron charge as in conventional electronics.” Spin-based electronics focuses on devices whose functionality …

Aerospace companies including Facebook, Boeing and Google have been trying for years to create a solar-powered plane that can fly at high altitudes for years at a time, and can provide broadband communication services. They could have many uses, for example acting as a relay station for communications in emergencies such …