Black hat hackers  are  responsible for writing malware, which is a method used to gain access to these systems. They usually have extensive knowledge about breaking into computer networks and bypassing security protocols. Their primary motivation is usually for personal or financial gain, but they can also be involved in …

Spintronics is an emerging field of nanoscale electronics which uses not only the charge of electrons but also the spin of electrons. The technology doesn’t require a specialized semiconductor material resulting in reduced manufacturing costs. Other advantages include less energy requirement, as well as low power consumption with competitive data transfer …