Microwave networks consist of many ports.  For example, in phased arrays, which are used in 5G wireless communication in base stations, we often have systems that can even have 100s or 1000s of ports, input-output ports. We need to come up with a concept to describe much more complex microwave …

A system, whose output can be managed, controlled or regulated by varying its input is called Control System. If we look around, we will find many control systems in our surroundings i.e. Refrigerator, Air Conditions, Washing Machines etc.   An automatic speed control system, also called cruise control, works by …