Introduction: In the ever-evolving landscape of defense technology, one key component stands out as the linchpin of accurate and reliable sensing systems: antennas. These unassuming devices are the unsung heroes of the Department of Defense (DoD), responsible for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic signals that underpin communication, surveillance, navigation, and more. …

The world has witnessed a significant evolution in wireless communication technology in the past few decades. From the first generation of analog cellular networks to the current 5G technology, the industry has come a long way in terms of speed, reliability, and connectivity.   Mobile communications have been undergoing a …