Introduction: In the world of advanced military and technological development, the race to achieve hypersonic speeds has become increasingly competitive. Hypersonic vehicles, capable of traveling at speeds exceeding Mach 5 (approximately 3,800 miles per hour), offer a new paradigm in military capabilities and technological advancements. At the heart of this …

Introduction: In recent years, the space industry has witnessed a revolution in satellite technology with the advent of small satellites, namely microsatellites and nanosatellites. These miniature spacecraft, weighing anywhere from a few kilograms to a few hundred kilograms, have opened up new possibilities for space missions, offering cost-effective solutions, rapid …