Introduction The emergence of digital twin technology is revolutionizing the field of photonics, offering unprecedented capabilities in system design, optimization, and predictive maintenance. These virtual replicas of physical optical systems are transforming how researchers and engineers approach complex photonic challenges across multiple industries. By creating dynamic, data-driven models that evolve in …

Introduction CubeSats have revolutionized space exploration by offering a cost-effective and modular platform for scientific research, Earth observation, and technology demonstrations. However, as mission requirements grow more complex—ranging from orbital maneuvering to deep-space exploration—the need for efficient propulsion systems has become critical. As CubeSats revolutionize access to space with their …