Scientific modeling is the process of creating simplified representations of complex phenomena in order to better understand them. Complex, multi-spatiotemporal, and nonlinear problems are particularly challenging to model because they involve multiple variables, interactions, and feedback loops that can be difficult to predict. Examples of such complex systems of relevance …

Introduction: In times of natural disasters and humanitarian crises, connecting with affected communities and coordinating relief efforts is critical for saving lives and minimizing damages. However, traditional communication infrastructure often fails or becomes overwhelmed during these emergencies, leaving communities isolated and responders struggling to assess the situation. In such dire …