Introduction: Quantum teleportation has long been a staple of science fiction, capturing our imaginations with visions of instantaneous transportation across galaxies. While teleporting physical objects remains elusive, scientists have achieved a groundbreaking feat by teleporting images across a network using quantum mechanics principles. This revolutionary advancement opens doors to secure and …

Introduction: In the world of optical sensing, Avalanche Photodiodes (APDs) have emerged as a crucial technology that enhances the sensitivity and efficiency of light detection. Building on the principles of traditional photodiodes, APDs utilize the avalanche effect to amplify the photocurrent, making them suitable for a wide range of applications …