In the vast expanse of the cosmos, Earth’s position in the solar system exposes it to a myriad of celestial phenomena, some of which pose a considerable threat to our technological infrastructure. Space weather, a term that may sound unfamiliar to many, refers to variations in the space environment between the …

Introduction The Earth, our beautiful blue planet, is constantly under threat from objects hurtling through space. While many of these celestial travelers burn up harmlessly in our atmosphere as meteoroids, some have the potential to unleash catastrophic devastation if they collide with our planet. One of the most pressing global …