Introduction Rare earth minerals form the foundation of modern technological advancement, serving as essential components in everything from consumer electronics to advanced defense systems. These seventeen metallic elements enable the miniaturization and enhanced performance of devices we rely on daily, while also playing critical roles in national security infrastructure. Despite …

Introduction Wireless communication is the backbone of modern connectivity, powering everything from smartphones to satellites. As the demand for versatile and efficient communication systems grows, traditional hardware-based radio systems face limitations in flexibility, scalability, and adaptability. Software Defined Radio (SDR) technology has emerged as a revolutionary approach, transforming how radio …

The rise of hybrid-satellite cellular terminals marks a significant evolution in how we approach global connectivity. As the world becomes more interconnected, the demand for seamless communication networks—especially in remote, underserved, or disaster-prone regions—has never been higher. Hybrid-satellite cellular terminals, which combine terrestrial and satellite technologies, offer an innovative solution …