Photonics

Photodetectors, also called photosensors, are sensors of light or other electromagnetic radiation. There is a wide variety of photodetectors that may be classified by mechanism of detection, such as photoelectric or photochemical effects, or by various performance metrics, such as spectral response. Photodetectors are devices that measure photon flux or …

There has been an exponential growth of space objects, including orbital debris that has increased the in-orbit collision risk. NASA estimates there are 21,000 objects orbiting Earth that are larger than 10 cm, 500,000 between 1 and 10 cm, and more than 100 million that are less than 1 cm. …

Currently, old-style personal Medicare techniques rely mostly on traditional methods, such as cumbersome tools and complicated processes, which can be time-consuming and inconvenient in some circumstances. Furthermore, such old methods need the use of heavy equipment, blood draws, and traditional bench-top testing procedures. Invasive ways of acquiring test samples can …

Currently, old-style personal Medicare techniques rely mostly on traditional methods, such as cumbersome tools and complicated processes, which can be time-consuming and inconvenient in some circumstances. Furthermore, such old methods need the use of heavy equipment, blood draws, and traditional bench-top testing procedures. Invasive ways of acquiring test samples can …

Optical networks are vulnerable to several types of security breaches or attacks, typically aimed at disrupting the service or gaining unauthorized access to carried data, i.e., eavesdropping. Depending on the aim of the attack, security breaches can induce financial losses to the clients or cause network-wide service disruption, possibly leading to huge …

The electromagnetic spectrum is a series of frequencies ranging from radio waves to microwaves, visible light, X-rays, and gamma rays. As the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation shortens, the waves have a higher frequency—how quickly electromagnetic waves follow each other—and therefore more energy.   Ultraviolet (UV) is electromagnetic radiation with …

Today, we are witnessing the second quantum revolution, where quantum states, which can exhibit superposition and entanglement, are harnessed for quantum technological applications. Quantum Sensing exploits the high sensitivity of quantum systems to external disturbances to develop highly sensitive sensors.   Breaking the limitations of today’s established imaging schemes is a …

The design of digital circuits is currently dominated by hardware description languages such as Verilog and VHDL. This automation of circuit design has enabled the development of modern computer processors with billions of transistors.   Integrated photonic devices, on the other hand, are still designed by hand. A designer first picks …