Revolutionizing Protein Manufacturing: Cell-Free Protein Synthesis in the Era of AI, RNA Origami, and Biosecurity

Introduction: From Living Factories to Programmable Biomanufacturing For more than half a century, the biotechnology industry has relied on a simple principle: if a protein is needed, engineer a living cell to produce it. Whether using Escherichia coli, yeast, insect cells, or mammalian Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells, proteins have traditionally been manufactured inside biological…