There were 79 zettabytes of data generated worldwide in 2021. By 2025, more than 150 zettabytes of big data will need analysis. Dramatic increases in data storage capacities are urgently needed as they are being outpaced by exponential growth in data generation, driven by use of the internet, social media, …

Terahertz (THz) represents the portion of the electromagnetic radiation between the microwave and the infrared region. It is within the frequency range of 0.1–10 THz, corresponding to wavelengths of radiation from 3000 to 30 µm. The advantages of the terahertz light are that they are non-invasive, intrinsically safe, and non-ionizing, …

Bluetooth, developed in the late 1990s, is a technology designed to enable short-range wireless communication between electronic devices, such as between a laptop and a smartphone or between a computer and a television. Bluetooth radio technology was developed by L. M. Ericsson in 1994. The standard is named after the …

As a vessel travels under or on the surface of water, it causes a detectable local disturbance in Earth’s magnetic field. This disturbance, referred to as the magnetic signature, makes the vessel vulnerable to enemy defense systems. In submarine warfare, adversaries use increasingly sophisticated magnetic sensor and signal processing equipment to …

Currently, most vehicles rely on internal combustion engines for locomotion; however, a significant shift toward partial and complete electrification is likely to emerge as an alternative propulsion system for vehicles. An internal combustion engine system is highly cost-effective and hence, its usage is higher than other propulsion systems. Being a …