Introduction: In the world of optical sensing, Avalanche Photodiodes (APDs) have emerged as a crucial technology that enhances the sensitivity and efficiency of light detection. Building on the principles of traditional photodiodes, APDs utilize the avalanche effect to amplify the photocurrent, making them suitable for a wide range of applications …

For decades, our refrigerators and air conditioners have relied on synthetic refrigerants, some of which have been linked to environmental damage. But what if the answer to sustainable climate control was hiding in plain sight – the very gas we’re trying to reduce: carbon dioxide (CO2)? Embracing CO2 as a …