In the digital age, encryption safeguards much of the world’s sensitive data, ensuring privacy and security across communications, financial systems, and critical infrastructure. However, the emergence of quantum computing introduces a formidable challenge to these protections, making “harvest now, decrypt later” (HNDL) attacks a growing concern. What Are “Harvest Now, …

Introduction The human brain stands as the most complex computational system known to humankind—a marvel of intricate neural networks and dynamic processes that continues to fascinate scientists and technologists alike. As we delve deeper into its mysteries, a pivotal question emerges: How can we mimic the brain’s processes to develop …