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Global Risks & Future Threats

DARPA’s GARD Program: Building Resilient Machine Learning to Counter Adversarial Attacks

Modern artificial intelligence (AI) systems have reached near-human levels in various tasks, including object recognition, language translation, and even decision-making. Many of these breakthroughs rely on deep neural networks (DNNs), complex machine learning models that simulate the interconnected neurons in the human brain. DNNs excel in handling millions of pixels …

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The Rising Threat of Cyberwarfare: Extreme Cyber Weapons and Their Potential to Disrupt Critical Infrastructure

In today’s interconnected world, the boundaries of warfare are rapidly expanding from traditional battlefields to digital landscapes, where the stakes are equally high and the threats more insidious. Cyberwarfare, the deployment of cyber attacks to destabilize or disrupt the operations of a nation or organization, has evolved beyond a theoretical …

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Synthetic Biology: A Game Changer in Climate Change Mitigation

Climate change remains one of the most pressing global challenges, demanding innovative and scalable solutions. While technologies like carbon capture, renewable energy, and geoengineering have made significant strides, they often come with limitations in cost, efficiency, and scalability. Synthetic biology, a rapidly advancing field, offers a groundbreaking approach by leveraging …

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Tackling Airborne Viruses in Hospitals: Problems and Solutions for Patient Safety

Every year, over 300,000 patients in England acquire airborne viruses while receiving medical treatment in hospitals. This alarming statistic highlights a critical issue within healthcare facilities, where the very environments designed to promote healing can become breeding grounds for infections. In high-income countries, the World Health Organization has reported that …

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The Threat of Privacy Death: Why We Need a Privacy-by-Design Approach

In today’s increasingly connected world, privacy has become one of the most valuable commodities—yet it is constantly under threat. With every digital interaction, individuals risk exposing their personal data, often without their full knowledge or consent. From targeted advertising and data mining to sophisticated surveillance systems, the erosion of privacy …

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The Growing Threat of Deepfakes: AI-Generated Videos and Audio as Tools for Terrorism, Psychological Warfare, and Cyber Attacks

In today’s rapidly evolving technological landscape, artificial intelligence (AI) is driving remarkable advancements. However, as with any powerful tool, there are dark sides to its applications. One of the most alarming developments in recent years is the rise of deepfakes—AI-generated videos and audio that are nearly indistinguishable from real recordings. …

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HALEU: The Uranium Fuel for Next-Gen Reactors—A Clean Energy Breakthrough or a Nuclear Weapons Risk?

Introduction Preventing the proliferation of nuclear weapons has been a major focus of international policy for over 70 years. However, a growing interest in high-assay low-enriched uranium (HALEU), driven by billions of dollars in U.S. government funding, raises serious concerns about nuclear security. HALEU, enriched between 10% and 19.75% in …

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The Future of Military Technology: The Importance of Technology Forecasting

The global defense and security landscape is evolving at an unprecedented pace, marked by intense competition across geopolitical, economic, military, technological, and industrial spheres. This competition, while driving innovation and development, also introduces significant security vulnerabilities and the potential for conflict. Technology forecasting is a crucial tool for military planners, …

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The Dawn of Quantum AGI: A Speculative Leap Toward Human-Like Intelligence

Imagine a world where artificial intelligence (AI) doesn’t just excel at specific tasks like image recognition or language translation, but can think, reason, and learn across all domains—just as humans do. This is the vision of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), a type of AI that could diagnose diseases as effectively …

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Bolstering National Security: Addressing Vulnerabilities in the U.S. Defense Industrial Base

As global tensions rise, the U.S. Defense Industrial Base (DIB) finds itself grappling with a range of escalating supply chain risks, particularly those emanating from China. These risks are not confined to the availability of raw materials and components but extend into the digital realm, where cyber threats pose an …

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