Introduction Picture a fresh, crisp lettuce leaf harvested inside a Martian greenhouse. This is no luxury—it’s a necessity. As NASA targets sustained lunar habitation by 2030 and manned Mars missions in the 2040s, humanity confronts a silent but urgent crisis: how to feed astronauts far from Earth. Pre-packaged meals lose …

The wars of the 21st century—particularly in the Middle East, North Africa (MENA), and Ukraine—have made one fact abundantly clear: assessments of environmental and infrastructure damage cannot wait for peace agreements or ceasefires. These wars have left cities in ruins, destroyed critical public services, and turned once-livable urban centers into …