Hydrogen & Ammonia: Dual Fuels Leading the Clean Energy Revolution Hydrogen and ammonia are emerging as powerful partners in decarbonizing aviation, shipping, and heavy industry—reshaping the future of global energy. The Carbon Conundrum For over a century, hydrocarbon fuels (CₓHᵧ) have formed the backbone of global energy systems—powering turbines, propelling …

Gamma-ray bursts—cosmic explosions so powerful they outshine entire galaxies—are unlocking secrets of black holes, neutron stars, and the early universe. Introduction Gamma rays occupy the highest frequency and shortest wavelength region of the electromagnetic spectrum, with frequencies typically above 10^{19} Hz and wavelengths shorter than 0.01 nanometers. They are the most …