Physicists have long sought to manipulate photons, the fundamental particles of light, into ever-smaller volumes to harness their unique properties. The natural scale of a photon is its wavelength, typically measured in nanometers. When photons are forced into cavities much smaller than their wavelength, they become significantly more “concentrated.” This …

Introduction China’s pursuit of space mining begins with its lunar exploration program, notably the successful Chang’e missions. These endeavors, involving lunar landings, sample collections, and surface mapping, form the groundwork for understanding lunar composition and potential resource extraction. Beyond exploration, China envisions a permanent lunar research base as a strategic …