Introduction As humanity’s thirst for knowledge about the cosmos continues to grow, so does our ambition to explore the mysteries of our solar system and beyond. Interplanetary Vehicles (OTVs), also known as orbital transfer vehicles, have emerged as the workhorses of modern space exploration, enabling us to traverse the vast …

Introduction In the vast expanse of space, the need for fast, secure, and reliable communication is paramount. Traditional radio waves, though effective, have their limitations, especially when dealing with vast distances and crowded radio frequencies. Enter Free Space Optical (FSO) communication, a cutting-edge technology that promises to revolutionize interplanetary communication …