Microfluidic systems are any device that processes minuscule amounts of liquids. Microfluidics is the general term for the manipulation of nanoliter volumes of fluids through micro-channels. It deals with the behavior, precise control, and manipulation of fluids that are geometrically constrained to a small, typically sub-millimeter, scale.   The fluids travel …

Photonics is emerging as a multidisciplinary new frontier of science and technology and is capturing the imagination of scientists and engineers worldwide because of its potential applications to many areas of present and future information and image processing technologies. Photonics is the analog of electronics in that it describes the …

Backscattering is a form of wireless transmission based on modulated reflection of external RF signals. Whereas conventional radios generate their own signals, backscatter radios transmit data by making tiny changes to reflected signals. This approach requires a minimal number of active components, promising simple low-cost battery-free operations.   Since the source …