Introduction: In today’s interconnected world, where high-speed data transmission and advanced communication systems are paramount, the role of optical modulators is more crucial than ever. These remarkable devices have revolutionized the way we manipulate and control light, paving the way for numerous applications across various fields, including telecommunications, data centers, …

Genetic disorders, conditions caused by abnormalities in an individual’s DNA, have long posed significant challenges for patients and the medical community. While some of these disorders are treatable with traditional medical interventions, many are incurable and lead to a lifetime of suffering. However, emerging scientific advancements in the field of …