Thermal, Propulsion & Energy

Introduction As we venture into the limitless expanse of space with aspirations of exploration and colonization, spacecraft face an unprecedented set of challenges. Beyond Earth’s protective embrace, these vessels must endure extreme temperature fluctuations that range from searing heat in direct sunlight to bone-chilling cold in the shadows of celestial …

Introduction In the midst of the global space race, the Moon has emerged as a pivotal destination for countries and private enterprises. The allure lies in its potential for establishing Moon bases, harnessing its mineral resources, and tapping into the vast reserves of helium-3 for future nuclear fusion power plants. …

Space propulsion systems are the heart and soul of any space mission, providing the thrust needed to navigate through the cosmos. These propulsion systems vary widely, including solid, liquid, and electric propulsion. Traditional chemical propulsion has served us well for decades, but it has its limitations, particularly for missions to …

Introduction Submarines are versatile and vital assets in modern naval warfare, serving a multitude of roles that range from intelligence gathering and reconnaissance,  covert insertion and extraction of special forces, attacking enemy submarines and their surface warships, mine laying, to other littoral or choke point operations. Their ability to operate …

Introduction: The Lunar Frontier and the Strategic Significance of Cislunar Space In the contemporary global space race, nations and private entities are fervently vying to establish Moon bases and tap into the Moon’s resources, including valuable helium-3 for potential nuclear fusion power. Notably, China has made substantial strides in lunar …