Space Technology, Defense & Exploration

Software-defined satellites (SDS) represent a transformative leap in the space industry, moving away from the traditionally rigid hardware-centric systems toward a flexible, software-driven approach. These satellites are redefining the operational paradigms of satellite communication, earth observation, and space exploration, enabling on-the-fly reconfiguration, enhanced longevity, and improved adaptability to evolving mission …

The “New Space” era has brought a seismic shift in the satellite industry, marked by the advent of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations designed to deliver global connectivity, real-time data, and revolutionary services. These constellations, comprising hundreds to thousands of small satellites orbiting between 300 to 3,000 kilometers above …

The United States Department of Defense is pioneering a transformative new approach to satellite propulsion with the DARPA OTTER program, which seeks to unlock the future of space operations through innovative “air-breathing” electric propulsion systems. These technologies are specifically designed to support operations in Very Low Earth Orbit (VLEO) – …

The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) is spearheading a transformative effort to integrate modular propulsion systems into small satellite architectures. This initiative, termed MODPROP, seeks to standardize interfaces between satellite buses and propulsion units, enabling rapid integration, upgrades, and mission flexibility. By developing this modular approach, AFRL aims to streamline …

The Surprising Striver in the World’s Space Business When India launched its first rocket in 1963, it was a modest attempt by a developing country to engage in cutting-edge technology. Fast forward to today, and India has emerged as a significant player in the global space industry. What started with …

Introduction China has firmly established itself as the pioneer of far side lunar exploration—the only nation to have successfully landed on the Moon’s hidden hemisphere. This remarkable journey began with the historic Chang’e-4 mission, which overcame unprecedented challenges to unlock the mysteries of a lunar realm forever shrouded from Earth’s …

Exploring Mars is more than just a scientific endeavor—it’s a journey toward establishing a sustainable human presence on the Red Planet. Essential resources such as water and oxygen, both for survival and fuel, are critical to this mission. Among the most promising solutions is harvesting the Martian subsurface ice, which …

The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) has been at the forefront of space security, consistently developing innovative technologies and programs designed to address the evolving challenges in the space domain. As the U.S. navigates the complexities of great power competition, AFRL’s commitment to advancing space security remains steadfast. The upcoming …

As humanity continues to explore deeper into the cosmos, traditional chemical propulsion systems are increasingly showing their limitations. These systems, which have propelled spacecraft since the dawn of the space age, are bulky, inefficient for long-duration missions, and require vast amounts of fuel. In contrast, plasma propulsion—an advanced form of …