Gamma rays are ionizing electromagnetic radiation, obtained by the decay of an atomic nucleus. Gamma rays are given off by stars, and by some radioactive substances. Gamma-rays travel to us across vast distances of the universe, only to be absorbed by…
The complexity of current 4G/5G phones comes from the need to cover multiple bands. Modern modems like the ones used in mobile phones are compatible with multiple transmission bands, including 3G, 4G LTE, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth. The radio frequency front-end…
The RF design consists of passive as well as active components. The inductors, capacitors, and resistors are one of the three passive elements that are the foundations of all electronics. The discrete and passive components are an integral part of…
One of the most common functions in all electronic circuitry is switching. Switching has a wide range of uses. Engineers in industries ranging from telecommunications to military/aerospace need high-performance RF/microwave switching as part of their test setups. An RF switch…
The terahertz (THz) frequency band is a fascinating and relatively unexplored part of the larger electromagnetic spectrum (EMS). The terahertz frequency range, lying between electronics and optics (300 to 3000 gigahertz frequencies), can be disruptive force in sectors as diverse as…
Stealth technology has proven to be one of the effective approaches to enhance the survivability of Aircrafts. Aircraft/helicopter designers are making them stealthier by reducing their signatures; viz. visual, aural, infrared (IR), and RADAR cross section. Advancements in stealth technologies,…
Electronic warfare provide means to counter adversary’s radar and communication systems while protecting one’s own systems through Electronic Attack (EA), Electronic Protection (EP) and Electronic Support (ES). Jamming systems still rely on classified databases of known emitter signals. As radars emit…
RADAR offers special advantages with respect to other types of sensors including all-day, all-weather operations, long detection distance and, depending on the frequency used, penetration. Moreover, radar can often be carried by a number of platforms, spanning from classic naval…
Weapon Locating Radars (WLR) are primarily used to detect and locate enemy Artillery units by tracking the trajectory of incoming rounds. They can also provide fire correction of friendly artillery units. WLRs usually can also track mortar shells and unguided…
While the conventional electronics like computers and smartphones is built around silicon integrating billions of transistors and is manufactured using complex, costly and wasteful processes in multi-billion dollar foundries , The printed and flexible electronics aim to replace this by…