Over the past two decades, many wireless systems have been developed and widely used around the world. The most important examples are cellular mobile radio and Wi-Fi systems. Just like radio and television broadcasting systems, they radiate electromagnetic waves/energy into the air but a large amount of the energy is …

Since the 1980’s, the electronics industry has undergone explosive growth, as higher transistor densities have fueled substantial performance advances while paving the way for miniaturization.  In order for these systems to function properly, the electronic circuits within them must be protected from extreme temperatures, contaminants, shock and vibration, and harsh …

Many alternatives to silicon are being developed, as it is believed that silicon transistors will reach their technological limits after 2020. Two-dimensional (2-D) nanomaterials have shown promise for a new generation of nanoelectronic devices. The most widely studied 2-D nanomaterial is graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms and packed …