Information and communication technology present new challenges to international affairs.The scale and speed of technological advancements in cyberspace are unprecedented. As the fourth industrial revolution dawns, bringing with it the reality of big data, artificial intelligence, and quantum technology, the…...
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5G will enable a new set of services, not only for human users but also for industrial and automotive purposes. Key factors for acceptance and use are ultra-high reliability and real-time interaction capability. For those future applications, it is key…...
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In computer network research, network simulation is a technique whereby a software program replicates the behavior of a real network. A network simulator is a software program that can predict the performance of a computer network or a wireless communication…...
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The dominant mode of communication today uses antennas to transmit information carrying high frequency signals using antennas which at the receive site produce an electrical signal which is amplified and demodulated by the receiver equipment. However this form of communication…...
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A digital camera is a camera that captures photographs in digital memory. Most cameras produced today are digital, largely replacing those that capture images on photographic film. Digital and digital movie cameras share an optical system, typically using a…...
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2021 marked 70 years of Pak-China’s diplomatic relations. China–Pakistan share a close strategic partnership since 1950s. The 1962 Sino-India War strengthened the relationship and, in 1963, Pakistan agreed to cede part of Kashmir to China, 5,180 Sq. Km of land…...
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In communication applications like the internet, the most simple form of optical communication is with a single fiber consisting of a single wavelength laser TX/RX scheme. In fiber-optic communications, wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) is a technology that multiplexes a number of optical…...
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One of biggest threat to the deployed aerospace and defense electronics systems is radiation. Long term exposure of astronauts to radiation is equally challenging. This force can occur naturally in space and at high altitudes on Earth, or can come in…...
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Robotics has made significant progress, since its first deployment as an industrial robot more than 50 years ago. Robots are now days being used extensively in manufacturing, services, healthcare/medical, defense, and space. They have enhanced safety of humans from dangerous…...
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Bitcoin is a digital currency that allows for the transfer of payment between two parties, without the help of a bank—and without government oversight. On average, more than 250,000 bitcoin transactions occur every day, and with a market capitalization in excess…...
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