Engineering Biology Against Climate Change: How Synthetic Biology Is Reshaping Carbon Removal, Sustainable Industry, and Global Climate Security

Introduction: Programming Biology to Fight Climate Change Climate change has evolved from an environmental challenge into a defining issue of economic resilience, industrial competitiveness, national security, and geopolitical stability. Despite rapid expansion of renewable energy, electrification, and carbon capture technologies, global greenhouse gas emissions remain near record levels, while hard-to-abate sectors—including aviation, shipping, cement, steel,…