Beyond GPS: How Vision-Aided Navigation is Unlocking Drone Autonomy in Denied Environments

Introduction Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have become indispensable across defense, industrial inspection, logistics, agriculture, public safety, and environmental monitoring. Yet one vulnerability continues to constrain true autonomy: dependence on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). When GPS signals are jammed, spoofed, blocked by buildings, degraded under forest canopy, or unavailable underground, many drones lose positional confidence,…