From GEO Legacy to LEO Mega-Constellations: Verification, Scalability, and Operational Readiness Executive Summary Satellite communications are undergoing a profound transformation from legacy geostationary systems to highly dynamic, large-scale Low Earth Orbit (LEO) constellations. Traditional Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites, positioned at approximately 35,786 km, have long provided reliable regional coverage but suffer from inherent latency…

