Two decades after Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov isolated graphene, the field of two-dimensional (2D) materials has transitioned from laboratory curiosity to a foundational pillar of next-generation quantum technologies. What began as a single atomic layer of carbon has expanded into a vast materials ecosystem—including transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), MXenes, tellurene, and engineered moiré heterostructures—each…

