Beyond the White Box: The New Frontier of Operational AI Red Teaming

Introduction: From Algorithmic Vulnerability to Battlefield Exposure The first generation of adversarial artificial intelligence research established a critical but incomplete truth: machine learning systems can be deceived. Programs such as DARPA’s Guaranteeing AI Robustness against Deception (GARD) demonstrated this convincingly through highly controlled, white-box experiments in which attackers had full visibility into model architectures, training…