TopologicalInsulators
Bi2Sb3: -First known 3D topological insulator. -Highly complex surface states. Properties. Insulating materials that conduct electricity through gapless surface states. The surface states are topologically protected , which means that they cannot be destroyed by impurities or imperfections. Topological insulators require two conditions: Time reversal symmetry. Strong spin–orbit interaction, which occurs in heavy elements such as Hg and Bi. Where do the surface states come from? How did they originate. How were they predicted with theory? (Find the papers) Applications. They’re cool! Integrated circuit technology. Minimize power dissipation. Spintronics. Error tolerant quantum computation. Scattering may alter, but won’t destroy conductive surface states.

Topological materials for Green ICT, spintronics , terahertz and quantum technology

The  discovery of topological materials whose properties  remain intact even when an object is stretched, twisted or deformed, led to the awarding of the Nobel Prize in physics in 2016 to F. Duncan M. Haldane,  and others. Their topological nature means these states are resistant to change, and so stable to temperature fluctuations and physical distortion — features that could make them useful in devices.

 

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