Distributed ledger technologies commonly known as the blockchain, refer to software that stores information on a secure, decentralized network where users need specific cryptographic keys to decrypt and access data. Cryptocurrencies, such as the popular Bitcoin, are networks built on…...
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Blockchain, is a growing list of records, called blocks, which are linked using cryptography. Blockchains which are readable by the public are widely used by cryptocurrencies. Private blockchains have been proposed for business use. Blockchain a transformative decentralized digital currency, a…...
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Information and communication technology present new challenges to international affairs.The scale and speed of technological advancements in cyberspace are unprecedented. As the fourth industrial revolution dawns, bringing with it the reality of big data, artificial intelligence, and quantum technology, the…...
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Bitcoin is a digital currency that allows for the transfer of payment between two parties, without the help of a bank—and without government oversight. On average, more than 250,000 bitcoin transactions occur every day, and with a market capitalization in excess…...
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The Global Positioning System (GPS), is a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) that provides location and time information in all weather conditions, anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more…...
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Industrial control system (ICS) is a collective term used to describe different types of control systems and associated instrumentation, which include the devices, systems, networks, and controls used to operate and/or automate industrial processes. Depending on the industry, each ICS…...
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The future of computers and communication lies with mobile devices, such as laptops, tablets and smartphones with desktop-computer capabilities. Their size, operating systems, applications and processing power make them ideal to use from any place with an internet connection. And…...
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The life sciences now interface broadly with information technology (IT) through its industrial applications in health care, agriculture, manufacturing, automation, artificial intelligence, and synthetic biology. The information moves between living and cyber systems in a two-way flow. Global public…...
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Cyber attacks are growing in number and sophistication affecting large corporations, critical infrastructures of all kinds, governments to SMEs, and increasingly the aviation industry. Commercial aviation plays a central role in our daily lives and is an essential part…...
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Cyber warfare has developed into a more sophisticated type of combat between countries, where you can destroy critical infrastructure such as power, telecommunications or banking by damaging the computer systems that control those infrastructures. It’s widely acknowledged that offensive cyberattacks…...
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