India’s Smart and Comprehensive Integrated Border Management (CIBMS) to guard its long, difficult and porous borders

The long, porous and difficult  borders have created the security challenges of illegal immigration, cross border terrorism, narcotics and arms smuggling, abetment of separatists and left -wing extremism and separatist movements aided by external powers. Pakistan policy of supporting cross border terrorism has led to constant border skirmishes along the line of actual control makes further accentuating the security challenges. Borders with Mayanmar and Nepal are also causing serious concern.