Currently, the most advanced and promising (actively developed by big companies such as Google, IBM, Intel, etc.) platform for future quantum computing and simulations is superconducting circuits. These typically consist of thin film layers of superconducting materials and Josephson junctions comprising altogether a network of resonators and qubits. They interact precisely by means of microwave photons, and the quantum state of the qubits is read out by measuring these photons. Quantum information processing occurs inside a fridge at milikelvin temperatures, since higher temperatures imply additional thermal photons which destroy coherence.
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