In the age of information technology, mobile data communication has become essential due to its convenience. A major role of mobile communication networks is to provide ubiquitous broadband services. Regardless of the actual position of the antenna on earth, it is always possible to make contact with a communication satellite. …
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DARPA has long recognized the critical role transistors play in Department of Defense (DoD) systems – especially radio frequency (RF) systems ranging from radar and communications to signals intelligence and electronic warfare. In the 1990s, the DARPA MIMIC program advanced Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) transistor technology that enabled the radar and …
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In a complex world with unpredictable and constantly changing threats, having better information is the key to staying ahead and mitigating the threats. Security concerns across the global landscape reinforce the need for continuous awareness of one’s environment. A capability that can provide intelligence imagery anytime, in any type of …
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Terahertz (THz, 1012 Hz) technology is based on light sources with frequencies much lower than of visible light, and slightly higher than of microwaves. Such light sources have a number of unique capabilities, for example that it can propagate through most insulating materials such as paper, plastic, cardboard, clothes etc., …
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In recent years, nanomaterials have displayed potential in effective detection and removal of greenhouse gases, chemical contaminants, organic pollutants, and biological agents. These materials come in various morphologies and have various functions (e.g., adsorbents, catalysts, or membranes). The high reactivity and high surface area of nanomaterials are some of the …
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Criminals, terrorists and military have been using tunnels since long time to evade detection as surface based detection methods are ineffective underground . Indian Border Security Force (BSF) troopers in Nov 2020 discovered an underground tunnel on the international border at Regal area in J&K`s Samba district, officials said. As …
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Gamma rays are ionizing electromagnetic radiation, obtained by the decay of an atomic nucleus. Gamma rays are given off by stars, and by some radioactive substances. Gamma-rays travel to us across vast distances of the universe, only to be absorbed by the Earth’s atmosphere. Different wavelengths of light penetrate the Earth’s …
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The complexity of current 4G/5G phones comes from the need to cover multiple bands. Modern modems like the ones used in mobile phones are compatible with multiple transmission bands, including 3G, 4G LTE, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth. The radio frequency front-end (RFFE) section of cellphone includes components like antennas, LNAs, filters, …
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The RF design consists of passive as well as active components. The inductors, capacitors, and resistors are one of the three passive elements that are the foundations of all electronics. The discrete and passive components are an integral part of the design; from front-end antenna matching to tight-tolerance mixers, oscillators, …
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One of the most common functions in all electronic circuitry is switching. Switching has a wide range of uses. Engineers in industries ranging from telecommunications to military/aerospace need high-performance RF/microwave switching as part of their test setups. An RF switch or microwave switch is a device to route high frequency …
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