Distributed propulsion enables unprecedented aerodynamic integration, turning entire airframes into active thrust surfaces. In recent years, the aerospace industry has been exploring transformative concepts aimed at improving the efficiency, sustainability, and performance of air vehicles. One such revolutionary idea is distributed propulsion, a system architecture that uses multiple smaller propulsors …

Introduction: A New Orbital Era Satellite constellations—networks of multiple satellites operating in coordinated orbits—are revolutionizing how we observe, communicate, and interact with our planet and beyond. Once confined to defense programs and scientific exploration, constellations have emerged as a core enabler of global infrastructure. This transformation is fueled by declining …