Metamaterials and metasurfaces have emerged as two of the most exciting and transformative innovations in modern science and engineering. These artificial materials, meticulously crafted at the micro and nano scales, have sparked a revolution across multiple fields, from optics to telecommunications and beyond. While early developments in three-dimensional metamaterials faced …

Imagine camera lenses so thin they weigh less than a snowflake and can focus light better than the most advanced glass optics ever built. From mobile phones to space telescopes, flat lens technology is redefining how we see the world—literally. This article explores the evolution of flat lens technology, from early …