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In the realm of aviation, the quest for innovation and efficiency is unceasing. Aircraft manufacturers, engineers, and researchers are constantly pushing the boundaries of technology to create more sustainable, efficient, and powerful aircraft propulsion systems. One such groundbreaking endeavor is the Advanced Superconducting and Cryogenic Experimental PowertraiN Demonstrator, or ASCEND.
Introduction to ASCEND:
ASCEND represents a collaborative effort led by Airbus, known formally as the Advanced Superconducting and Cryogenic Experimental PowertraiN Demonstrator. This ambitious project brings together a network of over 20 partners and research institutes with the common goal of developing a revolutionary cryogenic superconducting electric propulsion system for aerospace applications.
At the heart of ASCEND lies the integration of cryogenic superconductivity into aircraft propulsion systems. Cryogenic superconductors are materials that exhibit zero electrical resistance when cooled to extremely low temperatures. This remarkable property allows for the transmission of electrical power with minimal loss, offering unparalleled efficiency and performance.
Exploring Cryogenic Superconductivity:
Cryogenic superconductivity forms the cornerstone of ASCEND’s technological innovation. By leveraging superconducting materials and advanced cryogenic cooling techniques, ASCEND aims to revolutionize aircraft propulsion systems.
The use of superconducting tape, with its significantly higher current-carrying capacity compared to traditional conductors, enables ASCEND to deliver unprecedented levels of power while minimizing energy loss.
World’s First: Aerospace-Ready 500kW Cryogenic Superconductor System Unveiled:
In a monumental milestone for aviation technology, Airbus has unveiled the world’s first aerospace-ready 500-kilowatt cryogenic superconductor system as part of the ASCEND project. This revolutionary system, developed through years of collaborative research and innovation, represents a significant leap forward in aircraft propulsion technology.
Airbus unveiled the ASCEND-built electric motor, a testament to the transformative potential of cryogenic superconductivity in aviation. The powertraiN (powertrain) demonstrator in ASCEND is a prototype system designed to showcase the capabilities of cryogenic superconducting technology in aircraft propulsion.
It includes components such as electric motors, generators, and power distribution systems, all optimized to operate at cryogenic temperatures and harness the benefits of superconductivity. ASCEND concluded in November 2023 with the successful powering-on of a 500 kilowatt powertrain, consisting of superconducting tape, a cryogenic motor control unit and cooling system, and a superconducting motor.
Superconducting tape refers to a type of material made from superconducting elements, such as yttrium barium copper oxide (YBCO), coated onto a flexible substrate. This tape has significantly higher current-carrying capacity compared to traditional conductors like copper, making it ideal for applications where high power transmission is required.
Conventional electric powertrains require a high voltage to limit power loss. On board an electric aircraft, a superconductive powertrain could reduce voltage and practically eliminate losses, while keeping the weight and size of the overall system in check. The conditions for superconductivity would be created by the same cryogenic process used to maintain liquid hydrogen on board the aircraft at -253°C, where the hydrogen is used to generate power through electrolysis inside a fuel cell.
Through the creation of state-of-the-art test benches, the team evaluates the performance of components under extreme thermal cycles, paving the way for future advancements in aerospace engineering. This groundbreaking achievement opens the door to a new era of electric propulsion, offering cleaner, more efficient, and more powerful aircraft propulsion systems.
Looking Ahead: A Greener Future for Aviation
As ASCEND continues to chart new territory in aerospace innovation, its impact extends far beyond the confines of the laboratory. By unlocking the potential of cryogenic superconductivity, ASCEND holds the key to cleaner, more efficient aircraft, ushering in a new era of sustainable flight. With Airbus at the helm of this transformative initiative, the future of aviation looks brighter than ever.
Conclusion:
The Advanced Superconducting and Cryogenic Experimental PowertraiN Demonstrator (ASCEND) is not just a project; it’s a glimpse into the future of aviation. By harnessing the power of cryogenic superconductivity, ASCEND is unlocking new possibilities for cleaner, more efficient, and more powerful aircraft propulsion systems. As ASCEND continues to push the boundaries of technology, the sky’s the limit for the future of aviation.
The ultimate goal of ASCEND is to contribute to greener aviation by developing more efficient and environmentally friendly propulsion systems. By reducing energy consumption and emissions, ASCEND aims to promote sustainable aviation practices and mitigate the environmental impact of air travel.
