Global shipping is the backbone of international trade, enabling the movement of over 80% of the world’s goods. Yet as demand for maritime transport grows, so does its environmental footprint. The shipping industry currently accounts for nearly 3% of global greenhouse gas emissions—a figure projected to rise without decisive intervention. …

The roar of jet engines may soon give way to the near-silent hum of hydrogen fuel cells. Aviation, which currently contributes around 4% of global warming and is projected to add approximately 0.1°C of temperature rise by 2050, is undergoing a pivotal shift. The answer may lie not in biofuels …