The wide adoption of smartphones, high-definition content streamed on social media, the Internet of Things, data saved to the cloud, and artificial intelligence used in massive data analytics have ushered in the current era of digital economies and Industry 4.0. These applications demand high-bandwidth optical networks and digital infrastructures capable …

The internet is actually made up of three different layers: the surface web, the deep web and the dark web. The top layer, the surface web, are web pages that show up using search engines such as Google. The deep web are web pages which search engines can’t access and …

India shares a 3,323km land border with Pakistan, and an even longer 3,488km border with the People’s Republic of China (PRC), and has territorial disputes with both countries over the ownership of the Northern State of Kashmir and the North Eastern State of Arunachal Pradesh, respectively. Indian military planners consider …